Future benefits offered by smart grids require new energy market development
Przyszłe korzyści oferowane przez smart grid wymagają utworzenia nowego rynku energii
Jerzy Stanisław Zieliński
Streszczenie
Blackouts in the mid-twentieth century in the USA and some European countries implied a necessity of the
hierarchical natural monopoly power system (PS) deregulation. The most important target of PS operation is to deliver
reliable electric energy (with proper parameters), which implies the necessity to include all existing sources of electrical
energy (mostly renewable energy sources – RES) in the power grid. The existing networks could not provide those types of
duties hence it was necessary to start with the Smart Grid (SG) idea with new characteristics of the power grid. The rapidly
growing number of RES, the ones installed in smart homes in particular, has led to reduced consumption of electricity. This
has required a new organization of distribution networks, i.e. development of microgrids and prosumers, changing the static
hierarchical information system into a dynamic dispersed electric power system. This consequently implied the need to
replace the existing electricity market with a new one. As a result of the electricity and gas system integration, efficiency of
the electricity system has increased, however due to different market targets it is necessary to develop a new integrated
market. It would also cover smaller energy systems, using such sources as liquid fuel, hot water that potentially could
become integral parts of the new integrated market. In the process of building the new integrated energy market it will be
necessary to take into account the need for long-term expenses on transmission and distribution networks modernisation
applying direct current and using experience of advanced utilities/companies in the U.S.A., Europe, China and some other
countries.
hierarchical natural monopoly power system (PS) deregulation. The most important target of PS operation is to deliver
reliable electric energy (with proper parameters), which implies the necessity to include all existing sources of electrical
energy (mostly renewable energy sources – RES) in the power grid. The existing networks could not provide those types of
duties hence it was necessary to start with the Smart Grid (SG) idea with new characteristics of the power grid. The rapidly
growing number of RES, the ones installed in smart homes in particular, has led to reduced consumption of electricity. This
has required a new organization of distribution networks, i.e. development of microgrids and prosumers, changing the static
hierarchical information system into a dynamic dispersed electric power system. This consequently implied the need to
replace the existing electricity market with a new one. As a result of the electricity and gas system integration, efficiency of
the electricity system has increased, however due to different market targets it is necessary to develop a new integrated
market. It would also cover smaller energy systems, using such sources as liquid fuel, hot water that potentially could
become integral parts of the new integrated market. In the process of building the new integrated energy market it will be
necessary to take into account the need for long-term expenses on transmission and distribution networks modernisation
applying direct current and using experience of advanced utilities/companies in the U.S.A., Europe, China and some other
countries.