10. Development of technology for wasteless processing of rice husk
Rozwój technologii bezodpadowego przetwarzania łuski ryżowej
Yuriy I. Sukharnikov, Artur Rusowicz, Bayandy I. Dikhanbaev, Svetlana V. Yefremova, Abdurassul A. Zharmenov
rice husk, pyrolysis, silica-carbon, pyrolysis gas, radiation heating
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The purpose of the work is a technical and technological justification for the creation of an industrial production
of a multifunctional silica-carbon material from rice husk.
The proposed method involves thermal processing (pyrolysis) of rice husk at a temperature of 600-650 ° C to produce silicacarbon material and pyrolysis gas. The silica-carbon contains 48-53% C, 37-40% SiO2 and 10-15% hydrocarbons, it is nontoxic, non-flammable and non- explosive. Pyrolysis gas contains, % mass: CH4 - 35; СО - 20; H2 - 5, CO2 - 27; H2O - 10;
N2 - 3, and has a calorific value of about 12500kJ / m3
. The pyrolysis gas is used as an energy fuel. It is burned in a heat
generator, and its combustion products with a temperature of more than 900 ° C are used to heat the pyrolysis reactor.
The main elements of the thermal processing (pyrolysis) unit of the rice husk are selected. A circuit diagram of the apparatus
is shown, the main ones being a rotating pyrolysis reactor, a pyrolysis gas combustion apparatus, and a silica-carbon cooling
apparatus.
The material and thermal balances of the process of pyrolysis of rice husk are fulfilled. The output of silica-carbon from rice
husks is 33.3%, and of pyrolysis gas 66.7%.
According to the heat engineering calculation, the amount of heat at the combustion of pyrolysis gas is 1.8 times higher than
necessary value for heating the rice husks in the reactor. Excess heat is supposed to be sent to heat water in the heat exchanger
and use it for domestic needs.
The industrial module for industrial use is designed for processing 5000 tons of rice husks a year to produce 1750 tons of
silica-carbon is offered.
Silica-carbon is a polyfunctional material and can be used as a filler of elastomers and carbon structural materials, and also as
a fodder additive in poultry farming. Considering the great demand for Kazakhstan and the world in this material, the creation
of its production is very topical.